What best defines "plea bargaining"?

The definition of "plea bargaining" focuses on the negotiation process between the prosecution and the defense, where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge or to receive a more lenient sentence in return for avoiding a trial. This practice is prevalent in the criminal justice system as it can help reduce court congestion, minimize the uncertainty of outcomes for defendants, and allow for a more efficient resolution of cases.

Plea bargaining typically involves a discussion about the charges, possible penalties, and any mitigating factors that could impact sentencing. The agreement benefits both parties; the defendant can avoid the risks and stresses associated with a trial, while the prosecution secures a conviction without the need for a prolonged legal process.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of plea bargaining. Dropping all charges refers to a different legal scenario altogether, and a formal trial procedure involves judicial proceedings where evidence is presented, which contrasts with the negotiation aspect of plea bargaining. Furthermore, a settlement outside of court may imply alternative dispute resolution mechanisms but does not encompass the specific legal agreements made in plea bargaining scenarios that often occur within the framework of criminal justice.